Thursday, November 15, 2012
Destinations - Egypt
Boat on the Nile
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its estimated 76 million live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers, where the only arable agricultural land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt’s residents live in urban areas, with the majority spread across the densely-populated centers of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world’s most famous monuments, including the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx. The southern city of Luxor contains numerous ancient artifacts, such as the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings. Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East.
Pyramid of Sesostris II in El-Lahun, South of Fayoum, Egypt
Fox on a pyramid of Cairo, Egypt
Pyramid of king Snefrou, Egypt
Philae’s temple, dedicated to Isis, Egypt
Village of the ragmen in Cairo, Egypt
Abou Simbel's temple, Nasser lake, Egypt
Islands at Siwa oasis, Egypt
The oasis of Siwa was internationally famous long before Alexander the Great visited it in 331 bc, for it was the site of one of the biggest temples of Amen, the most powerful Egyptian god of the time. Its oracle was so renowned that the illustrious Macedonian conqueror crossed the Egyptian desert to consult it. According to legend, the priests confirmed his divine nature—a verdict that was convenient, as he had just been crowned pharaoh. During the Roman occupation, the temple of Amen fell into disuse, but the oasis remained. Its springs, famous for their medicinal properties, quenched the thirst of many a caravan on the way from the Mediterranean coast to central Africa. Today, many Egyptian, Roman, and medieval ruins survive in this area, which the Egyptian government would like to see added to UNESCO’s World Heritage list. This would earn it a grant toward the preservation of the archaeological site, which would no longer be solely Egypt’s responsibility but the shared responsibility of the organization’s 175 member countries.
Ruins of the medieval citadel of Shali in the town of Siwa, Egypt
Founded in the thirteenth century, the citadel of Shali protected the inhabitants from pillagers for many years. But its walls built of kershef —salt bricks covered with clay and plaster—were no match for the violent rains of 1926. Three days of deluge left nothing but a mass of ruins, bearing witness to a vanishing style of architecture. Although some of the fortress’ houses are still inhabited, modern Siwa is chiefly built of concrete, clustering around its old town. Since 1998, the United Nations Human Settlements Program has encouraged young Siwa entrepreneurs to rediscover their cultural and architectural heritage. The region’s governor, who also would like to see this heritage preserved, has required all new buildings around the citadel of Shali to be built using traditional methods.
Adrere Amellal Ecolodge» hotel, Siwa oasis, Egypt
Barely distinguishable from the surrounding landscape of salt lakes at the oasis of Siwa at the foot of the white mountain,» the Ecolodge is a luxury hotel—even though guests have neither electricity nor air conditioning—in the arid Egyptian desert. To cope with the extreme environment, the building—which was completed in 1997—takes advantage of local techniques that have been developed over 2,500 years: walls of salt-bearing rock extracted from the beds of lakes burned by the sun, and roof, insulation, ventilation, plaster, furniture, and accessories designed and made by 150 local craftsmen using the oasis’ own resources. Economizing in the transport of materials and people minimized energy consumption, while the use of local human resources revived the region’s economy. Since the Ecolodge was built, almost 600 people make a living from the revival of interest in the architecture of Siwa.
Drying dates in a palm grove south of Cairo, Nile valley, Egypt
The Unfinished Obelisk, Aswan, Egypt
Wheat being bundled into sheaves by a fellah in the Nile valley, Egypt
Small boats caught in water hyacinths on the Nile, Egypt
Modern graves in a cemetery at Asyut, Nile valley, Egypt
Road interrupted by a sand dune, Nile Valley, Egypt
Outline of Birket Maraqi salt lake in the oasis of Siwa, Egypt
Under the burning sun of northwest Egypt, the evaporation of water from the shallower parts of this salt lake has cracked its bed of sand and mud, forming these extremely hard, rounded wrinkles. Here and there salt forms a white crust, tracing the outline of the bluish, stagnant pool. The salt concentration in the water is so high that no living organism can survive. However, the shores of these lakes are shaded by palm trees and olive trees, fed by the oasis’s 230 freshwater springs. Thus, Siwa’s 15,000 inhabitants grow 300,000 date palms and 70,000 olive trees. Fresh water is one of the scarcest resources on the planet, accounting for only 2.5 percent of the total volume of water on the Earth, and of that proportion, 77 percent is trapped as ice at the poles and in glaciers. Liquid fresh water is unequally distributed, being rare in the tropics but plentiful on the equator and in temperate regions. Even where it is abundant, it is still precious. Its quality is constantly deteriorating as a result of contamination from excess organic matter, fertilizers, and other chemicals released by agriculture, industry, and the general population.
Necropolis, South El Minya, Egypt
Abu Simbel, Nile Valley, Egypt
South Sudan - The Birth of a New Nation
The world has a new nation. The Republic of South Sudan officially seceded from Sudan on July 9, ending a 50-year struggle marked by decades of civil war. After a referendum earlier this year on independence passed with the support of 99% of the population of southern Sudan, events were set in motion that led to Saturday's celebration.
Joy marked the festivities, but South Sudan faces steep challenges. Although the country has oil reserves and fertile soil, there is much poverty and little infrastructure. Collected here are images from the last several months, showing scenes of daily life, portraits of South Sudanese, and the celebration of independence.
Thousands celebrate their country's independence during a ceremony in the capital Juba on July 9, 2011. South Sudan separated from Sudan to become the world's newest and 193rd nation. (Roberto Schmidt/AFP/Getty Images)
A southern Sudanese voter receives an explanation on how to cast his vote on the last day of a week long referendum on January 15, 2011 in Juba. A handful of voters trickled to the polls on the final day of the landmark independence vote that is set to turn the page on five decades of conflict between the mainly Christian and African south and the mainly Arab and Muslim north. (Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images)
A Sudanese woman holds a cross as she prays during Sunday service in a church in Juba on January 16, 2011, one day after the historical week-long independence referendum vote ended. South Sudan's president Salva Kiir urged his people to forgive the Muslim north for a devastating 1983-2005 war, as thousands flocked to church to give thanks for the landmark vote. (Roberto Schmidt/AFP/Getty Images)
South Sudanese attend a Sunday church service on the first day after the referendum vote January 16, 2011 in the town of Yambio, south Sudan. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
People wait to register at a hospital run in partnership with Medecins Sans Frontieres January 17, 2011 in the town of Yambio, south Sudan. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
A boy from the cattle herding Mundari tribe smiles early morning in a settlement near Terekeka, Central Equatoria state, south Sudan on January 19, 2011. Southern Sudanese voted overwhelmingly to declare independence from the north in a referendum. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
The layout team prepares an edition of The Citizen newspaper, an English language daily, at their offices in the southern Sudanese capital of Juba on January 28, 2011. Their French-made printing press produced magazines and books in Belgium for over a decade, but is now relocated to Juba, and is south Sudan's first-ever printing press. (Peter Martell/AFP/Getty Images)
Mandela Moses, working for the Mine Advisory Group (MAG), removes a .122 projectile around the Jebel Kujur, a rocky outcrop on the outskirts the southern Sudanese capital Juba on January 24, 2011. Juba is growing fast with returnees, leaving mine clearers with a challenge they face across south Sudan. (Phil Moore/AFP/Getty Images)
A young girl from the Taposa tribe in the southern Sudanese town of Kapoeta pauses February 4, 2011. The Taposa are a largely pastoral tribe in the southeast region of southern Sudan, which remains acutely underdeveloped and rife with banditry, land mines, tribal clashes, and general insecurity. (Pete Muller/AP)
Southern Sudanese shop at a market in Aweil, the capital of Northern Bahr al-Ghazal state, on January 29, 2011. Like most south Sudanese, traders in the border states relish the prospect of cutting the umbilical cord with the north but face a daunting readjustment to survive the separation. (Phil Moore/AFP/Getty Images)
Southern Sudanese celebrate the formal announcement of independence referendum results in the southern capital of Juba on Monday, Feb. 7, 2011. Referendum officials indicated that nearly 99 percent of all voters cast ballots in favor of independence. (Pete Muller/AP)
A Sudanese man shows the palms of his hands after he dipped them in the blood of a sacrificial cow as he and others celebrate the results of the January referendum on the secession of southern Sudan from the north in the capital Khartoum on February 7, 2011. (Ashraf Shazly/AFP/Getty Images)
Raw documents that make up the history of the world's newest nation to be are stacked and stored in a tent in the southern Sudanese capital Juba on February 1, 2011. The region's historical documents were badly damaged in the war, and many are now stored in this temporary tent while work continues to make digital copies. (Peter Martell/AFP/Getty Images)
Expectant mothers wait for consultation at the maternity clinic of the Medecins Sans Frontieres Aweil civil hospital, the only hospital in Sudan's Northern Bahr al-Ghazal state, on January 26, 2011. The trip to Aweil can take two days by road for some of the most isolated villagers, but according to MSF, access to skilled staff, drugs and equipment have reduced the maternal mortality rate of 14 percent prevailing in the region to just 0.6 percent in the hospital. (Phil Moore/AFP/Getty Images)
Mary Ayok Thil, 22, sits on her bed as she waits to give birth after arriving a month ago at the Medecins Sans Frontieres civil hospital in Aweil on January 26, 2011. (Phil Moore/AFP/Getty Images)
Three young cattle keepers from the Dinka Rek sub-tribe pose for a portrait in a remote cattle camp in Wunlit County, southern Sudan on April 21, 2011. As pastoral groups consolidate their herds at scarce water points, the frequency of raiding by other groups increases. The morning after this photo was taken, these and other Rek repelled a violent raid on their herds by a neighboring sub-tribe. The fighting left at least three people dead and several more badly wounded. (Pete Muller/AP)
Father Emmanuel Malau stands inside his church in the village of Mayan Abun with internally displaced children who fled heavy fighting in Abyei on May 26, 2011. Malau spent days scouring the area in his pickup truck looking for young children who struggled to walk from Abyei to safer areas. Tens of thousands fled heavy fighting in the hotly contested border town as the northern Sudanese military took effective control of Abyei. (Pete Muller/AP)
Southern Sudanese are seen walking past a makeshift church in the town of Turalei in Sudan's Warrap state, 80 miles south of the flashpoint disputed region of Abyei on the north-south border of the country. (Peter Martell/AFP/Getty Images)
A young displaced girl from the town of Abyei poses for a portrait in a makeshift camp in Turalei, southern Sudan on May 27, 2011 after she and her family traveled by foot from Abyei to Turalei, a journey that took over a day. According to local officials in Turalei, approximately 80,000 residents of Abyei have sought refuge. The mass exodus was prompted by a massive northern Sudanese military offensive. (Pete Muller/AP)
Cattle graze near a river forming part of the Sudd swamplands in southern Sudan on June 21, 2011. Vast swamplands cover much of the northern area of South Sudan, and cattle forms a major part of many people's livelihoods, as well as bearing strong cultural significance. (Phil Moore/AFP/Getty Images)
Sudanese women walk to and from the town of Pariang in south Sudan's Unity State in search of food for their families after fleeing their hometown Jau on June 23, 2011. Families fled when the remote border town of Jau was targeted by army bombings. (Phil Moore/AFP/Getty Images)
A man smiles as he carries a goat on his shoulders to sell in a market in Juba July 2, 2011. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
Southern Sudanese boys take shelter from afternoon rains that disrupted a rehearsal for independence day celebrations in the capital city of Juba on July 4, 2011. (Pete Muller/AP)
A Sudan People's Liberation Army soldier stands in line during a rehearsal of the Independence Day ceremony in Juba July 5, 2011. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
Women purchase grilled chicken from a street vendor in the main Konyo Konyo market in the southern Sudanese capital of Juba on July 6, 2011. (Pete Muller/AP)
A rehearsal of the Independence Day ceremony attracts a visitor in Juba on July 7, 2011. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
South Sudanese members of the Mundari ethnic group wrestle where the tribe brought cattle and sheep for sale in Juba on July 7, 2011, two days before South Sudan secedes. The Mundari are cattle keepers who live in the south and pride themselves in being good wrestlers. (Roberto Schmidt/AFP/Getty Images)
People celebrate South Sudan's independence day in Juba July 9, 2011. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
A man dances with fireworks during South Sudan's independence day celebrations in Juba July 9, 2011. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
South Sudanese boys hold candles as the clock ticks over to midnight on July 9, 2011 to mark the day that South Sudan will officially declare independence from the north in Juba, the capital of the Republic of South Sudan. (Marc Hofer/AFP/Getty Images)
A man with his face painted in the colors of the South Sudan flag attends the Independence Day ceremony in Juba July 9, 2011. Tens of thousands of South Sudanese danced and cheered as their new country formally declared its independence on Saturday. (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters)
A man waves South Sudan's national flag as he attends the Independence Day celebrations in the capital Juba, July 9, 2011. (Thomas Mukoya/Reuters)
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